Susanne Rautiainen et al analyzed data from The Swedish Mammography Cohort (5) where 31,671 women with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 2, 262 women with a history of CVD ranging in age from 49 to 83 years completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding dietary supplement use, diet, and lifestyle factors.
Using the questionnaire, the researchers estimated the average multivitamin to contain nutrients close to recommended daily allowances:
Vitamin A (0.9 milligrams); Vitamin C (60 milligrams); Vitamin D (200 IU); Vitamin E (13.5 IU); Thiamine (1.2 mg); Riboflavin (1.4 mg); Vitamin B -6 (1.8 mg); Vitamin B-12 (3 micrograms); Folic acid (400 micrograms) see below for comparison with Centrum Silver
The researchers followed the women for an average of 10.2 years and found that, compared to those not taking any multivitamin supplement, women without cardiovascular disease taking multivitamins regularly had a 27% reduced risk of heart attack. Even more encouraging was the long-term benefit of multivitamin use on heart attack risk, with five years of supplementation producing a 41% reduced risk.
The longer the women took multivitamins, the lower their risk for heart attack. The researchers did not observe this risk reduction in women with heart disease. However, other research has shown that multivitamin use lowers risk of death from heart disease.
Journal Reference
| CENTRUM | |||
| Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin A | 9000 | 3000.00 | IU |
| Beta-Carotene | - | 3000.00 | IU |
| Vitamin E | 13.50 | 75.00 | IU |
| Vitamin C | 60.00 | 90.00 | milligram |
| Folic Acid | 400.00 | 0.60 | milligram |
| Vitamin B1 | 1.20 | 2.25 | milligram |
| Vitamin B2 | 1.40 | 3.20 | milligram |
| Vitamin B6 | 1.80 | 8.00 | milligram |
| Vitamin B12 | 3.00 | 25.00 | microgram |
| Vitamin D | 200 | 400.00 | IU |
| Nicotinamide | - | 40.00 | milligram |
| Biotin | - | 45.00 | microgram |
| Pantothenic Acid | - | 10.00 | milligram |
| Minerals | |||
| Calcium | - | 200.00 | milligram |
| Phosphorus | - | 125.00 | milligram |
| Iodine | - | 0.15 | milligram |
| Iron | - | 4.00 | milligram |
| Magnesium | - | 50.00 | milligram |
| Copper | - | 2.00 | milligram |
| Manganese | - | 5.00 | milligram |
| Potassium | - | 80.00 | milligram |
| Chromium | - | 100.00 | microgram |
| Molybdenum | - | 25.00 | microgram |
| Selenium | - | 25.00 | microgram |
| Zinc | - | 5.00 | milligram |
| Nickel | - | 5.00 | microgram |
| Tin | - | 10.00 | microgram |
| Vanadium | - | 10.00 | microgram |
| Silicon | - | 10.00 | microgram |
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